admin – الموسوعة الشاملة للحضارة الاسلامية

admin

<img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" />

مجلة أمريكية للدراسات المملوكية

مجلة الدراسات المملوكية 2021

07 أغسطس 2022

56

0

<img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" />

مجلة أمريكية للدراسات المملوكية

مجلة الدراسات المملوكية 2019

07 أغسطس 2022

47

0

<img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" />

مجلة أمريكية للدراسات المملوكية

مجلة الدراسات المملوكية 2017

07 أغسطس 2022

47

0

<img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" />

مجلة أمريكية للدراسات المملوكية

مجلة الدراسات المملوكية 2014

07 أغسطس 2022

44

0

<img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" />

مجلة أمريكية للدراسات المملوكية

مجلة الدراسات المملوكية 2013

07 أغسطس 2022

47

0

<img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" />

مجلة أمريكية للدراسات المملوكية

مجلة الدراسات المملوكية 2012

07 أغسطس 2022

51

0

<img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" />

مجلة أمريكية للدراسات المملوكية

مجلة الدراسات المملوكية 2011

07 أغسطس 2022

39

0

<img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" />

مجلة أمريكية للدراسات المملوكية

مجلة الدراسات المملوكية 2010

07 أغسطس 2022

39

0

<img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" />

مجلة أمريكية للدراسات المملوكية

مجلة الدراسات المملوكية 2009

07 أغسطس 2022

41

0

<img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" />

مجلة أمريكية للدراسات المملوكية

مجلة الدراسات المملوكية 2008

07 أغسطس 2022

42

0

<img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" />

مجلة أمريكية للدراسات المملوكية

مجلة الدراسات المملوكية 2007

07 أغسطس 2022

42

0

<img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" data-src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" class="img-fluid wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="573" height="827" src="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg" class="img-fluid wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy.jpg 573w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-208x300.jpg 208w, https://ramadanrashdan.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2018-Copy-166x240.jpg 166w" sizes="(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px" />

مجلة أمريكية للدراسات المملوكية

مجلة الدراسات المملوكية 2006

07 أغسطس 2022

38

0